Bian, Linjie
Liu, Fanxuan
Huang, Xuan
Peng, Yige
Fang, Yichong
Bi, Lei
Song, Shaoli
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC12023103)
Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Program (21XD1431300)
Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association Soaring Plan (SACA-AX202316)
Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This single-center retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (No. 1612167-18) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Owing to the retrospective design and use of de-identified data, the requirement for written informed consent was waived.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable (the study does not include any individual person’s identifiable data, images, or videos).