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Authors
Lu, Yufang
Liu, Pengcheng
Ma, Changxiu
Liu, Hui
Zhang, Ying
Zhao, Dahai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Anhui Province Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education Institutions (2023AH053174)
Anhui Province clinical medical research transformation project (202304295107020022)
the Anhui Province Natural Science Foundation (2208085MH194)
Key Projects for the Collaborative Tackling of Major and Difficult Diseases with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (2021zdynjb07)
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (PJ-YX2019-004) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant local regulations. Given the retrospective design and the exclusive use of anonymized data, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for written informed consent from individual participants.
: All data analyzed in this study were fully anonymized and de-identified. No identifying images or personal clinical details are included in the manuscript. Therefore, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for obtaining consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
