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Authors
Ouma, Gabriel Eliazaro
Asaso Omwodo, Kimbley
Itsura, Peter
Poli, Philippe Amubuomombe
Wahome, Kanguru
Otieno, Odhiambo
Chiriswa, Nasengo
Jose, Green Harris
Awuor, Adagi
Rosen, Barry
Covens, Allan
Tonui, Philip
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U54 program (EACHC-444)
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Article History
Received: 27 November 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Institutional Research and Ethics Committee (IREC), approval number: 0004931. The IREC granted a waiver of informed consent for this study, as it involved secondary analysis of anonymized, routinely collected clinical data with minimal risk to participants. Additional approvals were obtained from MTRH administration and the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NACOSTI; License number: NACOSTI/P/24/414426).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
