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Article History

Received: 9 December 2025

Accepted: 6 April 2026

First Online: 10 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This was an observational study. Study was approved by the institutional review board and ethics committee at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. According to decree 196/2003 (‘Italian Privacy Code’) and decree 101/2018 (‘Harmonization Decree’ harmonizing the Italian data protection laws with the provision of the General Data Protection Regulation 679/2016—GDPR). The scientific & ethics committee at Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (“ Comite etico cientifico de ciencias de la salud ”: Scientific ethics committee in Health Sciences) and the Dr. Sotero del Rio Healthcare complex (“ Comité Ético Cientifico del SSMSO ”; Scientific Ethics Committee of the Southeastern Metropolitan Health Service) waived the use of informed consent when processing anonymized data given this study was carried out in the performance of public interest or public powers based on a provision of law. Our study strictly adhered to the principles established in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.