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Article History

Received: 26 September 2025

Accepted: 16 April 2026

First Online: 24 April 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional approval for retrospective human tissue uses and associated clinical data analysis was granted by the Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Oncology (BINO) Institutional Review Board under approval ID BINO/IRB/2024/1157, covering patient specimens and records collected between January 2018 and December 2023.Written informed consent was obtained from all participants at the time of specimen collection and clinical data recording. All patient identifiers were removed prior to analysis, and anonymization procedures were strictly implemented to maintain data confidentiality. The study adhered to institutional, national, and international guidelines for biomedical research ethics and clinical data governance.

: All authors consent to the publication of this study. Data has been anonymized to protect patient identity.

: The authors declare no competing interests.