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Article History

Received: 29 January 2026

Accepted: 29 April 2026

First Online: 7 May 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The animal experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (Approval No.: 2025–634). All animal experiments were performed in strict accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication No. 85–23, revised 1985) and relevant national/institutional animal welfare regulations, to minimize animal suffering and ensure humane treatment. All surgical procedures were performed under anesthesia, and appropriate postoperative care was provided to reduce pain.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.