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Authors
Ma, Lingdan
Zhong, Haiyuan
Liu, Yaohong
Chen, Chunli
Liang, Min
Xiong, Guang
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2026
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted using publicly available data from the NHANES. NHANES protocols were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent prior to their participation in the survey. No additional ethical approval was required for this secondary data analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
