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Article History

Received: 27 January 2026

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 9 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The ICGC study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Sud-Ouest et Outre Mer III Committee for the Protection of Individuals (DC 2014/47 bis), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.For cohort 2, tumor tissue samples were obtained from patients and stored at the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de l’Institut Bergonié (CRB-IB). At the time of collection, patients provided written informed consent or expressed non-opposition for the use of their biological samples for research purposes. The RNA sequencing study for cohort 2 was reviewed and approved by the Institut Bergonié Ethical Committee. All samples were part of the CRB-IB, which is authorized by the French authorities to collect and use human biological samples for research, in accordance with the French Public Health Code (articles L.1243—4 and R.1243—61).Myoblast cells from a healthy donor were collected after written informed consent, with protocol approval from the Montpellier University Hospitals ethics committee (2009—04-BPCO-V2).All methods were conducted in accordance with approved protocols, the French Public Health Code, applicable national regulations, and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.