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Authors
Mo, Jiazhi
Chen, Jiayuan
Qu, Mengnan
Wei, Jinchang
Huang, Yiran
Zhou, Li
Yan, Xieqiao
Li, Juan
Xu, Huayan
Tang, Bixia
Li, Siming
Guo, Jun
Wu, Xiaowen
Sheng, Xinan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education Chunhui Program Cooperative Research Project (HZKY20220029)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82473199)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (L244024)
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2026
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute (Approval No. 2024KT193). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study, in accordance with institutional regulations.
: Not applicable.
: Xinan Sheng has the following potential conflicts of interest to disclose: non-profit consultant for Pfizer, Novartis, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, MSD, RemeGen, and Junshi Biosciences. Jun Guo is a member of the advisory board/consultant of MSD, Roche, Pfizer, Bayer, Novartis, Simcere, Shanghai Junshi Bioscience, and Oriengene. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
