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Authors
Li, Ping
Li, Yongqiang
Bao, Cihang
Cai, Xin
Wang, Zheng
Zhang, Qing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific Research Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission (PW2021A-41)
Scientific Research Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission (PW2024A-40)
Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Foundation (PKJ2023-Y42)
Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (20224Y0273)
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 4 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China (Approval No. 260415EXP-01). Informed consent to participate was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The youngest participant was 16 years old; no participant was under the age of 16, thus consent from parents or legal guardians was not required.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
