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Authors
Wang, Yuanyuan
Jing, Yi
Yang, Yidi
Zhang, Bing
Chang, Zhu
Wang, Yawen
Zhang, Yinping
Xia, Qingxin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Program (LHGJ20250196)
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 25 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective cohort study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2022-318-001). The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the aforementioned ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study, which involved the analysis of anonymised existing data. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of institutional and/or national research committees, as well as with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
Consent for publication: This study contains no personally identifiable data. Approval for publication was obtained from all authors.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
