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Authors
Chen, Jian
Ma, Ningyi
Li, Yaqi
Wu, Kai-Liang
Mao, Jingfang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund for the People’s Livelihood Research Project (PKJ2023-Y43)
Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund for the People’s Livelihood Research Project (PKJ2024-Y59)
Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission Funds (PW2023A-10)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Funds (202240052)
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Article History
Received: 13 February 2026
Accepted: 9 July 2026
First Online: 15 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by Institutional Review Board (approval number 260212EXP-02) of Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. Informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of any participant under the age of 16: not applicable. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
