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Article History

Received: 20 April 2026

Accepted: 16 July 2026

First Online: 30 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: In compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Konkuk University Medical Center (IRB No. KUMC 2025-11-013). Data access and analysis were approved by the Data Review Board of the National Cancer Data Center (Approval No. KCURE2025110014). This approval covered the retrospective analysis of the de-identified K-CURE database, and no direct patient contact, intervention, or collection of new identifiable information was involved. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Konkuk University Medical Center because the study involved de-identified national public data.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.