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Authors
Hao, Yijie
Liu, Zhipeng
Jiang, Yupeng
Zhang, Shizhe
Wang, Xin
Gao, Hengjun
Zhu, Huaqiang
Zhou, Xu
Lu, Jun
Niu, Zheyu
Yang, Faji
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2024QH349)
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2026
First Online: 15 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study used publicly available, de-identified data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 Study through the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) platform. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent to participate were not required.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
