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Article History

Received: 14 September 2024

Accepted: 19 March 2025

First Online: 7 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of Suzhou University Affiliated First Hospital (No. 2024 − 459) and Suzhou EENT Hospital (No. 2024-08). This study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. In the retrospective part of the study, informed consent was waived due to the study’s nature by the ethics committees of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Suzhou EENT Hospital. However, for the verified segment, informed consent was obtained from all participating patients.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.