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Article History

Received: 4 March 2025

Accepted: 21 May 2025

First Online: 30 May 2025

Declarations

:

: All study procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of An-Najah National University (Reference #: Med.Dec.2023/57). Since the study utilized secondary data, the IRB granted a waiver for obtaining informed consent from participants. Prior authorization was secured from the Palestinian Ministry of Health to access and use patients’ personal information and medical records. The data were stored securely, with access restricted solely to the research team. Additionally, to ensure participant confidentiality, all identifying details of premature infants were anonymized before data analysis.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.