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Article History

Received: 19 January 2025

Accepted: 9 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: In compliance with institutional guidelines for research involving human subjects, the St. Frances Cabrini Medical Center-Asian Eye Institute (SCMC-AEI) Ethics Review Committee has officially approved the study protocol and waived the need to obtain participants’ informed consent. The decision was made on the basis of the study’s retrospective design, low participant risk, and use of anonymized data. The decision was made after a careful evaluation of the research protocol and ethical issues, with a strong emphasis on protecting participant rights and welfare. All procedures were carried out in complete conformity to ethical norms and guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: RTA: Staar Surgical, Acevision, Acufocus, Bausch and Lomb, Johnson & Johnson, Physiol BVISIN, ASN, EMC: none.