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Authors
Ng, Emily Ming Choo
Salowi, Mohamad Aziz
Othman, Othmaliza
Uthman, Rosmawati
Ngah, Nor Fariza
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2023
Accepted: 30 June 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declarations
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: The study was registered under National Medical Research Register of Malaysia and obtained ethical approval from Medical Research and Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health Malaysia (NMRR-21–1342-58653). The study compiled with the 1954 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study is based on the data in National Eye Database (NED) and informed consent is waived by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
