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Article History

Received: 12 May 2025

Accepted: 29 August 2025

First Online: 1 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital. All procedures adhered to relevant guidelines and regulations, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participant data were anonymized prior to analysis to ensure confidentiality and privacy. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.