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Authors
Moin, Muhammad
Mian, Lubna Siddiq
Martinez-Hussain, Miranda
Shahid, Muhammad
Gilbert, Clare
Mian, Umar K.
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Lahore General Hospital (IRB LGH). The committee determined that formal ethics approval and written informed consent were not required due to the retrospective nature of the study. All data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality, and the study was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
