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Article History

Received: 21 February 2025

Accepted: 14 October 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by Institutional Review Board of Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea and was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrolment in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Yong Chan Kim is the founder and the major shareholder of The Catholic University of Korea affiliated company iDynamics Inc. and its patents.