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Authors
Shen, Liangbo Linus
Stewart, Jay M.
Cole, Mitchel A.
Mackenzie, Madelynn E.
Brodie, Frank
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research (National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research)
National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research (National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research)
National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research (National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research)
National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research (National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research)
National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research (National Eye Institute Core Grant for Vision Research)
Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted Grant to the UCSF Department of Ophthalmology
All May See Foundation
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study involves human participants and was performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was obtained from the San Francisco General Hospital Panel Institutional Review Board, part of the University of California, San Francisco (Reference number: 24-42297). Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.
: Not applicable.
: L. L. Shen: Provisional patent related to the device used in this study, Consultant – Boehringer Ingelheim; J. M. Stewart: Consultant – Carl Zeiss, Merck, Valitor, Long Bridge, Twenty Twenty, Oculgen, Science; Personal Financial Interest – Long Bridge, Valitor, Science; M. A. Cole: None; M. E. Mackenzie: None. F. Brodie: Provisional patent related to the device used in this study, Consultant: Genentech, Long Bridge Medical, Science Corporation; Financial Interest: Long Bridge Medical, Science Corporation, RxSight.
