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Authors
Li, Ningfeng
Liang, Liang
Huang, Wenzhi
Li, Wenwen
Zhao, Quanwen
Zhao, Guiling
Leng, Yunxia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7969-0678
Chen, Danna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-3633
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Guangzhou Clinical High-tech Project ((2023C-GX03))
Frontier Medical Technology Project of Guangzhou First People's Hospital ((ZCZX01010011))
Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project ((2023A04J0619))
Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau ((SL2022A03J01107))
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (approval number: KT2023-016-01). All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of this committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all guardians, and assent was obtained from participants where appropriate, ensuring their voluntary participation. This study adheres to strict privacy protection measures to safeguard the personal information of all participants and their guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
