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Authors
Li, Muling
Zhu, Peiyan
Huang, Qinghui
Wu, Muqing
Li, Chunmei
Wang, Yunji
Wu, Jianpeng
Yang, Juan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong, PR China (NO. A2024337)
Specialized Nursing Research Program at Southern Medical University，PR China (NO. Y2024005)
Evidence-Based Nursing Program at Nanfang Hospital, Southern Hospital, PR China (NO.2024EBNa001)
Research Fund of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University PR China (No. 2023H011)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures in this study were conducted in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The participants were permitted to withdraw from the study at any time without the obligation to respond to any inquiries. The research protocol received ethical approval from the institutional review board of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Approval No. NFEC-BPE-156).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
