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Authors
Huang, Shuan-Yu
Chuang, Yung-Chi
Yeh, Shang-Min
Chiang, Yun-Wei
Lee, Chi-Hung
Kuo, Chie-Tong
Liao, Che-Hun
Huang, Min-Wei
Pan, Chao-Ying
Huang, Joh-Jong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government, Taiwan (11432863800)
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Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital (approval no. KSPH-2024-20). The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating students before the commencement of data collection. All children voluntarily participated in the vision screening and were free to withdraw at any stage without consequence.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
