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Article History

Received: 11 July 2025

Accepted: 12 January 2026

First Online: 21 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (Approval No. 2025040585; 14 April 2025). The requirement for written informed consent was waived because this retrospective analysis used fully de-identified data and involved no direct patient contact.

: Patients or members of the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.

: The lead author (Xiaoying Wu) affirms that this manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; no important aspects have been omitted, and any discrepancies from the study as originally planned have been explained.

: The authors declare no competing interests.