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Article History

Received: 12 December 2025

Accepted: 3 February 2026

First Online: 24 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Tokyo (approval number: 7 − 2), in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were informed of the study objectives and data usage at the beginning of the survey and provided informed consent prior to participation. Only the data of those who consented were included in the analysis. All participants were aged 40 years or older and possessed adequate cognitive and legal capacity to provide consent.

: Not applicable.

: KK: No conflicts to be declared.HS, NY, and YS: Members of an endowed laboratory funded by companies including Ain Pharmaciez Inc., I & H Co., Ltd., Medical Ikkou Co., Ltd., Toho Holdings Co., Ltd., Tomod’s, and Wakaba Co. until March 2025. The companies are not directly involved in this study.