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Article History

Received: 24 April 2026

Accepted: 2 June 2026

First Online: 8 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study utilized de-identified data accessed through the TriNetX LIVE™ platform. Data de-identification is certified by a qualified expert in accordance with the HIPAA Privacy Rule (§ 164.514(b)(1)), with the most recent determination completed in December 2020. As no identifiable patient information was used and no direct interaction with individuals occurred, this study does not constitute human subjects research and is therefore exempt from institutional review board (IRB) approval. Consequently, the requirement for informed consent was waived.

: Not applicable. This study used fully de-identified data and does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images, videos, or personal details).

: The authors declare no competing interests.