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Article History

Received: 16 February 2026

Accepted: 15 June 2026

First Online: 17 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethics committee (Ethikkommission Ostschweiz, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Ref. 2025–02161). All included patients had provided the institution’s hospital-wide general consent for the use of routinely collected health-related data for research purposes. Because this retrospective analysis used routinely collected data from medical records with documented general consent for anonymous reuse of health related information, no additional study-specific informed consent was required as per Art. 34 of the Swiss federal Human Research Act (HRA), which was confirmed by the local ethics committee. (Ethikkommission Ostschweiz, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Ref. 2025–02161)

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.