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Authors
Zhang, Hongfang
Tian, Fangyi
Chang, Pingjun
Wang, Dandan
Zhao, Yinying
Li, Siyan
Zhang, Ruiwen
Zhao, Yun-e
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Basic Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau (Y20210978)
"Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang (2022C03070)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870680)
the Provincial Construction Project of Zhejiang (WKJ-ZJ-2135)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2026
First Online: 27 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Optometry Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University(Ethics approval No.H2023-003-K-01-02). Informed consent for participation has been provided by all the participants and from the parents or legal guardians for minors.
Consent for publication: We confirm that all the participants and parents of the minor participant gave written informed consent for their personal or clinical details along with any identifying images to be published in this study.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
