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Authors
Hazra, Debabrata
Tomita, Yohei
Uchida, Atsuro
Kato, Soshi
Nagai, Norihiro
Suzuki, Misa
Minami, Sakiko
Kunimi, Hiromitsu
Ban, Norimitsu
Kurihara, Toshihide
Shinoda, Hajime
Ozawa, Yoko
Negishi, Kazuno
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K15938 and 25K12855)
Bayer Retina Award
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 24 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Keio University School of Medicine Ethics Committee (approval number 20100003). According to ethical guidelines for clinical studies by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, written informed consent is not required from patients for studies that do not involve biological tissue and only involve a retrospective review of medical records. Therefore, we displayed our ethical statement and written guidelines for the current research on our website in Japanese [ ].
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
