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Article History

Received: 12 December 2023

Accepted: 5 July 2024

First Online: 15 July 2024

Declarations

:

: In accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, the authors made every effort to address the guidelines for medical research. Given the authors’ lack of direct contact with the neonates and their families, obtaining informed consent was not feasible. Consequently, the data were collected retrospectively from the neonates’ medical charts after their discharge. Ethics approval and consent to participate for this study were obtained from the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the relevant institutions: Nigusie Tadele, Chairperson of the Institutional Review Board of Addis Ababa University (reference number: IRB03-008/2021); Dr. Yohanes Woldekidan, Chairperson of the Institutional Review Board of Addis Ababa Health Bureau (reference number: IRB 7512/227); and Dr. Million Mola, Chairperson of the Institutional Review Board of St. Peters Specialized Hospital (reference number: V250/18/03/2021). The need for consent to participate was waived by the Institutional Review Boards as the study involved retrospective data collection from medical records. A formal letter of cooperation was submitted to the Neonatal Department and Card Room, and permission was obtained before commencing data collection. To maintain confidentiality, the patient records were anonymized, ensuring the privacy of the individuals involved.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.