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Article History

Received: 14 September 2024

Accepted: 13 November 2024

First Online: 27 November 2024

Declarations

:

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and Research Ethics Committee of Chi Mei Medical Center (IRB no.: 11109006). The IRB of Chi Mei Medical Center waived the requirement for written informed consent from all study participants according to the Taiwan’s Human Subjects Research Act, which allows for such waivers when the research involves minimal risk and uses anonymized clinical data. Informed consent was deemed unnecessary due to the retrospective and observational nature of the study, and this waiver did not affect patient welfare.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.