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Article History

Received: 29 August 2023

Accepted: 19 December 2024

First Online: 31 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was ethically approved by the Institutional Review Board of the College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Woliata Sodo University. Informed written assent was obtained from primary caregivers of all children. Information about the study such as the purpose of the study, sample collection procedure, potential risks and benefits of the study was explained. All study records of the study participants were kept confidential. All information collected in this study was treated anonymously. All the investigations done for participants of this study were free of charge but hospital care and treatments were paid according to the rule of the hospital. The positive results of the urine analysis were promptly given to the treating physician to assist in patient management.

: Not applicable.

: I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.

: The authors declare no competing interests.