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Authors
Zhang, Dongyan
Sun, Hongan
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2024
Accepted: 25 February 2025
First Online: 17 March 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Maternity & Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao in accordance with regulatory and ethical guidelines pertaining to retrospective research studies (Approval number: 2024-03-064). The procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set forth by the Committee on Human Experimentation and the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013. Given that this retrospective study utilized de-identified patient data, there was no potential for harm or impact on patient care. Therefore, informed consent was waived. This waiver was approved by the institutional review board and ethics committee of our institution in accordance with regulatory and ethical guidelines pertaining to retrospective studies.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
