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Article History

Received: 14 January 2025

Accepted: 4 March 2025

First Online: 24 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The first two surveys were approved by the Ethics Committee of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, and the third survey by the Ethics Committees of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The privacy of personal information was protected throughout the study via anonymous data collection, and confidentiality was maintained by asking participants to provide honest answers. Informed consent to participate has been obtained from the parents or legal guardians of any participants under the age of 16.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.