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Article History

Received: 19 August 2024

Accepted: 13 March 2025

First Online: 7 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University (Ethical Approval Number: [2023]-E-078-Y). The study could not recontact the original subjects as a retrospective analysis utilizing human data with identifiable information. The research did not involve personal privacy concerns or commercial interests. Given these considerations, the Ethics Committee approved the waiver of informed consent, as the study posed no risk to participants and did not involve sensitive personal information. This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki, relevant guidelines, and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.