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Authors
Zhang, Zhidong
Dou, Zhihao
Zhang, Xu
Wang, Di
Abudoureheman, Kamenjiang
Yan, Yimin
Kang, Fenyan
Zhang, Wei
Meng, Wenbo
Zhang, Kailiang
Li, Zhige
Zhang, Jie
Liu, Bin
Zhang, Baoping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of GanSu Province (23JRRA1080)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81970976)
Fundamental Research Funds for the scientific research fund of School (Hospital) of Stomatology Lanzhou University (lzukqky-2022-t12)
Research Program of Gansu Province Health and Wellness Industry (GSWSKY2023-19)
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2024
Accepted: 15 May 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University (LZUKQ-2023-035) and was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300076663). Informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of the participants before initiating the survey. All study procedures were conducted in accordance with the relevant regulations and guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and publication of this article. No financial or non-financial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.
