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Article History

Received: 29 January 2024

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 3 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2013). Ethical approval was obtained from Ethics Committee (full name: Institutional Review Board of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University) (reference number [2022 (year) No. 353]) to the Department of Scientific Research, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China. All methods were carried out according to the relevant guideline and regulations. This study was carried out in compliance with the STROBE Statement. All included patients gave their oral and written informed consent, and the informed consent form was signed by the guardians of the participating children as they had not yet reached the age of independent civil responsibility. The study was entirely voluntary, and patients will give their consent for this material to appear in academic journals and associated publications. In addition, data adhered to the principle of confidentiality, private information such as the child’s name was not disclosed, the primary caregiver signed an informed consent form, and the survey was completed anonymously.

: The consent of the guardian has been obtained.

: The authors declare no competing interests.