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Article History

Received: 6 April 2025

Accepted: 23 May 2025

First Online: 10 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University(2023LBW235). Informed consent was waived by the committee due to the retrospective design and use of anonymized medical records, in accordance with China’s Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (National Health Commission, 2016). For participants under 16 years of age, parental/guardian consent was waived as no direct contact occurred and all data were de-identified prior to analysis.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.