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Authors
Hamman, Nicholas Amani
Uppal, Aashna
Daniel, Ezra Garbeya
Mohammed, Nuhu
Nicholas, Nyadah
Ballah, Abubakar Saidu
Bappayo, Nasiru
Abdulkadir, Bello
Lawan, Bala
Difa, Joshua Abubakar
Isaac, Elon Warnnow
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Data Research UK-The Alan Turing Institute Wellcome PhD Programme in Health Data Science (218529/Z/19/Z)
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Article History
Received: 15 February 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance and permission to carry out the study was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee, Gombe State Hospitals Services Management Board with reference number GS/HSMB/RES/S/05/VOL.59. The study was entirely based on hospital based medical records and had no direct contact with human participants. Therefore, consent to participate was waived by the Institutional Review Board, which in this case was the Research and Ethics Committee of the Gombe State Hospital Service Management Board. The study procedures were done in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
