Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Project of Teaching Reform Research in Regular Higher Education Institutions of Hunan Province (HNJG-20230577)
Article History
Received: 10 March 2025
Accepted: 1 July 2025
First Online: 1 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The National Center for Health Statistics’ethics review board approved all NHANES protocols.Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their proxies. The experimental protocols involving human subjects adhered to the guidelines of national/international/institutional regulations or the Declaration of Helsinki as stated in the manuscript.
: All participants in this study consented to publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.