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Authors
Marcroft, Claire
Cruickshank, Hilary
Johnson, Samantha
Exley, Catherine
Kolehmainen, Niina
Thomson, Richard
Basu, Anna
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (ICA-CDRF-2018-04-ST2-020)
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Article History
Received: 16 April 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
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: The Health Research Authority (HRA) online decision tool confirmed that a Research Ethics Committee review was not required as the study was designed and conducted to evaluate current clinical service provision. The NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West of England Evaluation Strategy Group publication ‘Best Practice in the Ethics and Governance of Service Evaluation’ was used to guide and ensure appropriate transparent design, distribution, analysis, and reporting. Participants gave consent for their data to be shared with their specific neonatal ODN, to include anonymised data in a doctoral thesis, and to report anonymised data in a peer-reviewed journal.
: No specific individual details are included. Participants gave consent for their data to be shared with their specific neonatal ODN, to include anonymised data in a doctoral thesis, and to report anonymised data in a peer-reviewed journal.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
