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Authors
Lin, Zihan
Wellenius, Gregory A.
Jay, Jonathan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Collaborative on Gun Violence Research
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2025
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 7 August 2025
Declarations
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: The Boston University Medical Institutional Review Board waived review as non-human subjects research because all data used in this study were publicly available and de-identified. As such, the Declaration of Helsinki and requirements for informed consent do not apply.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
