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Article History

Received: 7 April 2025

Accepted: 24 July 2025

First Online: 1 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The research employed publicly available datasets from health surveys, guaranteeing the removal of all identifiable personal information. The use of secondary data sources in the analysis removed the need for appropriate institutions’ ethical review approval. All the authors had full access to the data used in the study and were solely responsible for the choice to submit it for publication. The statistical methodology and findings have been validated by multiple authors, who also take full responsibility for the findings.

: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.