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Authors
He, Weichao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-4490
Liu, Jie
Jiang, Rui
Yang, Xinyu
Zhang, Xujie
Cao, Ruoyu
He, Weichao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Science Research Project of Hebei Province (20251533)
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 23 August 2025
Declarations
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: The present study was approved by the Institutional Review Board/Ethical Committee of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China 2019_IRB_052). All study procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective nature of the study and the utilization of anonymized patient data, the requirement for obtaining individual patient consent was waived. The Cangzhou Central Hospital institutional review board determined the study to be exempt because it used publicly available deidentified data, and informed consent was waived.
: The submitted manuscript has been read and approved by all authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
