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Authors
Pitaloka, Dian Ayu Eka
Insyirah, Ariani
Oktariani, Anisa Nabilah
Mardhiyyah, Cut Ainul
Alfarafisa, Nayla Majeda
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Padjadjaran
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2024
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
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: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Ethical approval was received from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Harapan Bangsa No. B.LPPM-UHB/1807/05/2023. Respondents provided written informed consent for participation. This study was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.
: Clinical trial number is not required in this study because it does not include biomedical interventions, including new treatments (such as new vaccines, drugs, food choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions that require further study and comparison.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
