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Authors
Prawira, Yogi
Tartila, Tartila https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-4287
Putri, Nina Dwi
Adilla Hidayat, Sharfina Fulki
Puspaningtyas, Niken Wahyu
Yuniar, Irene
Dewi, Rismala
Hidayati, Eka Laksmi
Pudjiadi, Antonius Hocky
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 2 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, chaired by Prof. dr. Rita Sita Sitorus, Ph.D., Sp.M(K) (Approval No: KET-1127/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2022). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study, as (1) data were already collected with no direct patient interaction, (2) the study posed minimal risk to participants, and (3) it complied with privacy and confidentiality regulations. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
