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Authors
Dayanan, Ruken https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-8841
Duygulu Bulan, Dilara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-2306
Ayas Ozkan, Merve https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-9719
Karabay, Gulsan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2567-2850
Seyhanli, Zeynep https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3924-3723
Beydilli Sural, Eda https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6893-1282
Basmaz, Feyza https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6769-381X
Kunt, Seda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-4225
Celen, Sevki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-3474
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Ankara Etlik City Hospital (approval number: AESH-BADEK–2025 − 0258). All participating mothers were aged 16 years or older at the time of enrolment; therefore, parental or guardian consent was not required. This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Ankara Etlik City Hospital as this was a retrospective chart review study, in accordance with national regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
