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Article History

Received: 7 April 2025

Accepted: 1 September 2025

First Online: 2 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The study received ethical approval from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Committee on Human Research, Publication, and Ethics. Permission to access medical records was granted by Tamale Teaching Hospital, with data anonymized to protect confidentiality. Consent to participate was not applicable, as the study was based solely on the analysis of existing medical records and did not involve any direct interaction with participants or primary data collection. All procedures adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring patient rights, data integrity, and confidentiality.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interest.